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<meta name="description" content="上周的作业牙面最高的地方是牙尖，然后是嵴，窝沟点隙。AFG中下颌的短对角线上颌与下颌的关系：脚和鞋子的关系。下颌后牙颊舌尖均为第一要点5.5mm（除了下4，为4.5mm）下颌3到4颊尖的距离为8.0mm，后面依次递减1mm，与上颌类似。4-5:7mm,5-6MB:6mm, 6MB-6DB:5mm,6DB-7MB:6mm,7MB-7DB:5mm.前一个牙颊尖与后一颗牙腭尖距离为第二要点（8mm）法则">
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        <p>上周的作业<br>牙面最高的地方是牙尖，然后是嵴，窝沟点隙。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/01.png"><br>AFG中下颌的短对角线<br>上颌与下颌的关系：脚和鞋子的关系。<br>下颌后牙颊舌尖均为第一要点5.5mm（除了下4，为4.5mm）<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/02.png"><br>下颌3到4颊尖的距离为8.0mm，后面依次递减1mm，与上颌类似。4-5:7mm,5-6MB:6mm, 6MB-6DB:5mm,6DB-7MB:6mm,7MB-7DB:5mm.<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/03.png"><br>前一个牙颊尖与后一颗牙腭尖距离为第二要点（8mm）<br>法则变化<br>格式塔原理：即在视觉中把不连续的物体想象成连续的。（所谓脑补，参考完形填空）<br>较小的缺损可以依赖格式塔原理来恢复外形，较大的缺损就需要依赖不可见的背景了。<br>第四章 主要牙尖嵴的走向<br>上颌主嵴走向<br>不同牙的主嵴倾向于平行。后牙腭尖主要是远中尖嵴与前磨牙尖嵴平行，近中颊尖与前磨牙尖嵴平行。<br>下颌主嵴走向，与上颌相反，颊侧是远中，舌侧是近中。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/04.png"><br>常规学习牙齿形态方法：观察-理解-重现。<br>外形轮廓+窝沟=形态的基础<br>首先要知道牙尖的位置。<br>上颌第一前磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/05.png"><br>外形轮廓，六边形；窝沟，H形。<br>上颌第二前磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/06.png"><br>外形轮廓，六边形，不明显；窝沟，H形，较瘦。<br>下颌第一前磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/07.png"><br>外形轮廓，圆三角形；窝沟，远中椭圆形较大，近中较小。外星人。<br>下颌第二前磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/08.png"><br>有两尖型和三尖型。窝沟形态分为三种。<br>上颌第一磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/09.png"><br>外形轮廓：圆方形，MB，DL锐利，ML，DB圆钝。窝沟形态：马自达车标与奔驰车标。<br>上颌第二磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/10.png"><br>与第一磨牙类似，不同是窝沟中间有窝沟跨过斜嵴。<br>另一种<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/11.png"><br>三尖型。<br>下颌第一磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/12.png"><br>外形：长方形，颊侧3牙尖，舌侧2牙尖，窝沟：羚羊头<br>下颌第二磨牙<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/13.png"><br>长方形+羚羊<br>田字格形态。<br>总结：<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/14.png"><br>上4形态特征：较宽的中央沟，近中沟有止点，止于3-4接触点上方。<br>上5形态特征：类似上4，中央沟位置较窄，没有近中沟跨过近中边缘嵴。<br>下4形态特征：圆三角形外形轮廓，较小的近中窝和较大的远中窝。<br>下5形态特征：三尖，方圆形。两尖，椭圆形。<br>上6形态特征：斜方形，窝沟形态，奔驰+海鸥。<br>上7形态特征：斜方形或远中舌尖明显缩小或消失，中央点隙有远中沟跨过远中边缘嵴。<br>下6形态特征：长方形，窝沟呈羚羊形态。<br>下7形态特征：长方形，窝沟呈羚羊型或田字形。<br>以数据为依据外形轮廓才不失比例。<br>全长：牙尖到根尖<br>冠长：牙尖/切端到颈部<br>根长：颈部到根尖<br>冠宽：近远中接触点之间的距离<br>颈宽：颈部近远中距离<br>冠厚：牙冠颊舌向距离<br>颈厚：颈部颊舌向距离<br>缺少咬合面的测量?不可见背景<br>第5章 每颗牙齿的不可见背景<br>咬合面的测量<br>不可见背景≠看不见，只是不注意。<br>上6<br>只有窝沟形态-轴面外形高点，还是不能很好画牙。还有牙尖之间的距离：所有牙尖的距离5.5mm<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/15.png"><br>中央点隙的位置：以D1为圆心，5.5mm为半径画圆，与C和D1连线的交点。<br>也可以用卡氏尖找中央点，以其为圆心，5.5mm为半径画圆，与C1与D的连线交点为中央窝位置。<br>主嵴<br>C，C1，D1的牙尖嵴均朝向中央点。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/16.png"><br>有功能的形态<br>分为侧方区、后退区。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/17.png"><br>不可见背景+可见背景<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/18.png"><br>不可见背景不仅影响内部结构的形态，也影响外形轮廓的形态。<br>外形轮廓<br>德国学者穆尔瑞特(Muhlereiter)1870年提出三个用于区别牙位的特征：<br>曲率特征（切/牙合面观）<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/19.png"><br>角度特征（唇/颊面观）<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/20.png"><br>根部特征（唇/颊面观）<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/21.png"><br>内部结构=不可见背景+窝沟形态<br>上7<br>外形轮廓：近中弯曲大，远中弯曲小<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/22.png"><br>牙尖：4个牙尖，并不完全等距。远中舌尖F1明显偏小。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/23.png"><br>边缘嵴：由牙尖近远中边缘嵴组成。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/24.png"><br>窝沟：奔驰+马自达。曲线，不是直线。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/25.png"></p>
<p>总结<br>一、第三章：牙齿解剖的重要性<br>10.AFG中下颌的短对角线<br>11.法则变化（格式塔原理）<br>二、第四章：主要牙尖嵴的走向（上下颌三角嵴的走向）<br>三、通过观察学习（每颗牙齿可见背景）<br>1.外形轮廓<br>2.内部结构<br>3.化繁为简<br>4.每颗牙齿的外形轮廓和内部结构<br>5.观察天然牙齿形态。<br>6.画牙田字格（以数据为依据外形轮廓才能不失比例）<br>四、第五章：每颗牙齿的不可见背景<br>1.咬合面的测量<br>2.上颌6可见背景+不可见背景（牙尖位置关系）<br>3.确定中央点的方法<br>4.有功能的形态（嵴的走向）<br>5.外形轮廓特征：曲率特征/角度特征/根部特征<br>6.学习方法=外形轮廓+内部结构（可见背景+不可见背景）<br>7.磨牙组外形轮廓+内部结构<br>作业：绘制上6、下6合面及上1唇面画牙田字格。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/26.png"><br>数据扩大10倍画的。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/27.png"><br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0152-2019rdh/029/28.png"></p>
<p>我发文章的三个地方，欢迎大家在朋友圈等地方分享，欢迎点“在看”。<br>我的个人博客地址：<a href="https://zwdnet.github.io/">https://zwdnet.github.io</a><br>我的知乎文章地址： <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.zhihu.com/people/zhao-you-min/posts">https://www.zhihu.com/people/zhao-you-min/posts</a><br>我的微信个人订阅号：赵瑜敏的口腔医学学习园地</p>
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